Citizen responsibility, participation, surveillance, effective institutional response, bringing out the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholder departments and structures have been some of the key elements of the campaign, apart from the elucidation of policy. Multiple initiatives were undertaken to realize these deliverables by the LSGs. Foremost was the comprehensive amendment of the Kerala Panchayati Raj and Municipality Acts to bring provisions in line with the SWM Rules, clarify roles and responsibilities, enhance punitive provisions and enable waste management systems and interventions. Door to door coverage was monitored and augmented and all LSGs including panchayats were made to institutionalise the haritha karma sena for waste collection, segregation and transportation. Over 36000 Haritha karma sena are involved in door-to-door collection of non-bio waste particularly plastic waste in all the local governments of the State. Construction of Mini MCFs for interim storage, MCFs for storage and segregation, procurement of vehicles for transporting waste, developing transportation and lifting plans, undertaking clean up of tourist and cultural destinations, identification, tagging and clean up of garbage vulnerable points, incorporating safety measures in waste management facilities, introduction of new facilities and technologies for improved management, procurement of equipment and machinery for waste management, building citizen awareness and involvement in waste management through community based campaigns, understanding and rectifying policy gaps in waste management through developing of new protocols, SOPs and policy guidelines in areas ranging from MCF SOPs to GPS tracking of vehicles, camera surveillance, managing sanitary waste, licensing of pig farms, scope of private technology or service providers – are some of the initiatives undertaken. Departmental and institutional responsibilities cutting across departments were driven home through multiple orders, and one on one discussions. Creating a sense of citizen responsibility and participation, involving NSS and other student bodies in beach clean up and conversion of waste dumps into sneharaamams, creating a theme song that centred the philosophy of My Waste, My Responsibility, were some of the strategic communication interventions attempted. Various challenges such as attitudinal barriers still persist, including a lack of segregation habits and a disregard for waste management systems and initiatives. Through concerted efforts and community engagement, Kerala endeavors to overcome these obstacles for effective waste management and environmental stewardship.